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1. Google it.
2. If don't find anything - ask here.

Now on the question: In opencv are couple of formats for data in a matrix. For example CV_8UC3 - 3 channel image with 1 unsigned byte for each (B0,G0,R0,B1,G1,R1,B2....). That is the basic color image format (that you will get from imread function).

If your image is gray scale it will be CV_8UC1. You can convert BGR image to grayscale with cvtColor(src, dist, CV_BGR2GRAY).

For double is CV_64F, for float CV_32F and etc.